# FRC02: Setting a Max Supply, Introducing Fee Burn, and Transitioning to a Deflationary Model **URL:** \ **Category:** FRCs\ **Created:** [June 12, 2023, 10:18am UTC](https://forum.fuse.io/t/frc02-setting-a-max-supply-introducing-fee-burn-and-transitioning-to-a-deflationary-model/633 "2023-06-12T10:18:21Z")\ **Posts on this page:** 20\ **Page:** 1
**Author:** ![Misha](https://dub1.discourse-cdn.com/flex005/user_avatar/forum.fuse.io/misha/32/202_2.png) [@Misha](https://forum.fuse.io/u/Misha)\ **Post date:** [June 12, 2023, 10:18am UTC](https://forum.fuse.io/t/frc02-setting-a-max-supply-introducing-fee-burn-and-transitioning-to-a-deflationary-model/633/1 "2023-06-12T10:18:21Z")
## Simple Summary In 2019, in its early development stage, Fuse adopted an inflationary model to ensure certain predictability of the flow of revenue for network validators and delegators. Today, having acquired significant traction and use cases, the Network is ripe - especially in the current market conditions, to revisit its inflationary model and gradually transition towards deflation. In controlling inflation and creating an equitable environment for projects to deploy, we build value into the network, which supports and builds the token price and reinforces stability and predictability. **To pursue the goal of deflationary tokenomics, Fuse is proposing the following:** Introducing gradual inflation reduction and max supply: transitioning to a deflationary model through a governance vote to gradually reduce inflation and set the max supply of FUSE tokens at 400,000,000 FUSE. Fee burning: Implementing FIP-1559 base fee burn of 10 gwei (gasPrice). If adopted, the proposed changes will result in a gradual, initiated reduction of the inflation rate, increased predictability concerning staking and rewards, and a first step towards a more sustainable model. If adopted, subsequent FIPs will be published for a vote, and software updates will be made available to deploy the changes. ## Introduction The Fuse Network recently introduced the [Fuse 2.0 Whitepaper](https://www.fuse.io/whitepaper) that explains Fuse’s decision to focus on digital payment solutions for the “long-tail” of small and medium businesses globally will grow in importance over the coming years. To help the network evolve into a valid alternative to legacy payments infrastructure that leverages the benefits of decentralization for businesses where it makes sense. Fuse is gradually introducing proposed changes to the Network. A necessary implication of the changes introduced to the Fuse Network is tokenomics. Since the successful launch of Fuse 2.0, the Fuse team and community have discussed potential changes to improve the networks’ tokenomics and how to build our tokenomics around the relevant entities and stakeholders participating in the ecosystem. Fuse investors and Validators are the foundational layers of the Fuse Network. They are motivated by and interested in the token price as their source of income and long-term investment returns. The Fuse token price is also a metric that underpins the value of the Fuse blockchain ecosystem. A higher price brings greater market visibility, investor interest, partnership and development options, etc. Accordingly, the proposition below is designed to deliver an increase in token price through scarcity, reduced money supply, and slower velocity. ## Seeking Engagement with the Proposal The team and several contributors formed a tokenomics working group to refine this discussion and present a proposal to the community that could be implemented quickly. This proposal is the result of that discussion and reflects the input of many different community members; we are very grateful for the input of Rob Fuseprime and his assistance. **This proposal considers past discussions on the issues on the [Forum](https://forum.fuse.io/t/changing-fuse-network-inflation-rate/102/9) and is designed to spark and encourage an engaging discussion.** To recall, in the past, the community supported deflation when the token price was low, but the spike in token prices halted discussions. The state of the market offers a prime opportunity to revise the issue. moreover, like economies adjust inflation rates to accommodate market conditions, a Bear market necessitates more incentives and lower fees. In comparison, fewer incentives and higher fees are adequate for a Bull market. We will solicit feedback from the community on this proposal with comments by 30 June 2023. Comments should be submitted in the [forum](https://forum.fuse.io/c/governance/frcs/26). Based on that feedback, we will revise the proposal if needed and publish a thorough Tokenomics Design Paper and a roadmap for implementing the required changes. **If adopted, subsequent FIPs will be published for a vote, and software updates will be made available to deploy the voted-for changes.** ## FUSE v1 - The Initial Inflationary Model **Initial Supply** Fuse minted an initial supply of 300 million tokens in August 2019. ![Untitled (1)](https://europe1.discourse-cdn.com/flex005/uploads/fuseforum/original/1X/9898700b9341d43c499c67cd189553d084ce98a4.jpeg) The following FUSE supply timeline graph depicts the total 5% annual inflation-adjusted supply of FUSE along a 4 year period and the corresponding total circulating supply: ![1_xfeUpaCTxc27hX6n_w1ddg](https://europe1.discourse-cdn.com/flex005/uploads/fuseforum/original/1X/a1afac4bb6db54526be1c34349f80772f506dcdd.jpeg) Each cycle the validators with the highest amount of FUSE staked will split the rewards based on their proportional stake (awards commensurate with the staked amounts). **The rationale behind the inflationary model** With each new block created every 5 seconds on Fuse Network, the validator who creates it and the delegators who staked with them receive the block rewards in newly issued FUSE tokens. This is designed to secure the network’s consensus mechanism. The reward amount per block is set so that the FUSE total supply increases by 5% yearly. The main reason for choosing an inflationary model at the early development stage was to ensure certain predictability of the flow of revenue for network validators and delegators. If they had to rely exclusively on transaction fees as the reward for staking FUSE and validating, it would be harder to predict their future returns, as transaction activity on the network can fluctuate. The relative predictability of validator revenue is an essential assumption behind the blockchain consensus theory on which the Fuse consensus mechanism is based. Having substantial block rewards also makes it possible to keep transaction fees on the network low, facilitating the adoption of Fuse. ## FUSE v2: Transitioning from Fixed Inflation to Max Supply As the Network moves forward, inflation becomes a negative pressure on the token, which needs to be justified to a broader range of investors and projects running on the network. To pursue the goal of deflationary tokenomics that best serves all the Network’s participants, Fuse is proposing the transition from a fixed inflation rate to a fixed total supply. While the proposed change in max supply will reduce staking rewards - albeit mildly and proportionately over time - the Fuse team nevertheless asserts that, overall, it is more beneficial for the Network and the ecosystem to potentially earn a lower APR with a potentially high-value token in a stable and well-used network, than a high APR with a low-value token in a fragile and unstable network, where the supply exceeds the demand. ### The principles underlying the proposed change- 1. As a financial ecosystem, it is sensible that the Fuse Network will have an easily understandable inflation structure. A simple and functional mechanism is the best solution. 2. To be technically achievable and secure – not open to exploitation or abuse. 3. To adapt to market changes, innovation, and developments without requiring hard forks or significant technical work. 4. To create value for the token via scarcity. 5. To continue to support validators and stakers while ensuring they are not disproportionally rewarded or unreasonably affected by the proposed changes. After conducting thorough comparative research and assessing other potential avenues, the team asserts that the transition to a max supply of 400,000,000 FUSE and a gradual reduction of inflation, according to the specified below, offers the best solution. ## 1. Governance Vote: Setting a Max Supply of 400M FUSE and Gradual Inflation Reduction In consideration of the current traction gained by the Fuse Network, the market situation, the strategic decision to reduce inflation for the reasons explained above, and other relevant factors, the Fuse team suggests that the inflation rate should be managed transparently and predictably by setting the max supply of FUSE tokens at 400,000,000 FUSE. **AS-IS Fuse Inflation Rate, Block Rewards, and Max Supply** “Fuse years” start/end around the end of August each year (depending on the number of blocks being minted - missed blocks extend the time). Assume that 5% inflation equals 17M if the total supply is 351,394,068, and in a year, there are 17,280 \* 365 = 6.3M blocks. Then in each block, 17/6.3 ~ 2.78 Fuse is minted as block rewards. Currently, there is no max supply of FUSE tokens. **Current Policy on Inflation Rate, Block Reward, and Max Supply** | | inflation rate | total supply | max supply | New Fuse added a year | Fuse tokens minted per block - rewards | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 2023 | 5% | ~351,394,068 | - | ~17,569,703 | ~2.78 | ## Simulation of Proposed Change (\*rough approximations) - The Supply of FUSE would be limited to 400M FUSE. - Until August 2024, the inflation would remain at 5%. - As of August 2024, the inflation rate would gradually reduce from a reduction to 3%. - A 0.5% inflation rate will be maintained until a max supply of 400m FUSE is reached. - Effectively, subject to other impacting factors (such as FIP 1559, see below), the network would approach a deflationary model (1%0%) circa 2027. - The inflation rate would decrease in a controlled, fixed manner as of August 2024 to support stakers through the current bear market, - Pushing for a gradual reduction to Max Supply within 7 years (~2030) will help push through FIP 1559 and other governance proposals. - If the FUSE token price allows, a vote for an additional proactive reduction of inflation rates may be suitable. | Period | Inflation | Total Supply | Minted Tokens | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | August 2023 → August 2024 | 5% | 355,700,000 | 17,785,000 | | August 2024 → August 2025 | 3% | 373,485,000 | 11,204,550 | | August 2025 → August 2026 | 1.5% | 384,689,550 | 5,770,343 | | August 2026 → August 2027 | 1% | 390,459,893 | 3,904,599 | | August 2027 → August 2028 | 0.75% | 394,364,492 | 2,957,734 | | August 2028 → August 2029 | 0.5% | 397,322,226 | 1,986,611 | | August 2029 → August 2030 | 0.5% | 399,308,837 | 1,996,544 | | August 2030 → August 2031 | 0.5% | 400,000,000 | 2,000,000 | | August 2031 → August 2032 | 0.5% | 400,000,000 | 2,000,000 | | August 2032 → August 2033 | 0.5% | 400,000,000 | 2,000,000 | ![Untitled](https://europe1.discourse-cdn.com/flex005/uploads/fuseforum/original/1X/5f2dcdae46a4aa58622b21efbc1ca64c5d40b9d0.jpeg) ## **Issues to consider: The road not taken** - The Fuse team considered the move to a 3% inflation already in August 2023 with immediate effect. - This would mean that the Max Supply of Fuse would be reached ~ 2039 - within 16 years, as opposed to 7 years. - However, pushing the Max Supply as late as 2039 weakens the case for FIP1559 (see below), and offers fewer benefits in the long run for the network. - The team sees value in supporting its Validators and stakers through the current market while gradually setting the stage for impactful long-term changes. ## The effect of the proposal on Validators, block rewards, and staking rewards The implication of capping the max supply to adjust and gradually decrease the inflation rate results in decreased block rewards and affects staking rewards since the formula for calculating the rewards is comprised, among other factors, of the inflation rate and total supply of tokens. As noted, the proposed change in max supply will reduce staking rewards - albeit mildly and proportionately over time. Nonetheless, it is more beneficial for the Network and the ecosystem to earn a lower APR with a high-value token in a stable and well-used network than a high APR with a low-value token in a fragile and unstable network, where the supply exceeds the demand. **Accordingly, this proposal seeks to reduce inflation in a managed, transparent manner while providing minimal inflation to cover Validators’ costs.** ## **Block Rewards** - The proposal would affect block rewards since they are also calculated based on the inflation rate. - The proposed gradual decrease in inflation would result in a mild decrease in block rewards, as simulated below ## Staking Rewards - The minimum staking threshold for Validator is 100k FUSE, while Node costs are ~ $30 (per calendar month). - The proposal to decrease inflation and cap the max supply of FUSE tokens is designed to maintain Validator’s profitability for their 100k stake, which it currently is at ~$75 (per calendar month). - When reaching the max supply of FUSE, circa 2030, with a 0.5% annual inflation rate, the implication, principally, is that 2,000,000 FUSE would be minted and distributed between Validators. However, with the combination of FIP 1559 (below), the aspiration is that when reaching the max total supply, a sufficient amount of FUSE would be burned to mitigate the “tail” and result in an effectively close to a deflationary network. At any rate, once inflation reaches 0.5%, it is crucial to evaluate the model to maintain proportionate rewards for Validators. ```auto The projected rewards are calculated as follows:~~ - ~~Let **`T_s`** represent the total supply of FUSE tokens.~~ - ~~Let **`I`** represent the annual inflation rate (5% under the current policy, so 0.05 as a decimal).~~ - ~~Let **`T_st`** represent the total stake among all validators.~~ - ~~Let **`V_st`** represent the stake of a specific validator.~~ - ~~Let **`U_st`** represent the stake of a specific user within that validator.~~ - ~~Let **`F`** represent the validator's fee (e.g., 15% or 0.15 as a decimal).~~ ~~Now, we can create a formula to calculate the projected rewards for a user who has delegated their tokens to a specific validator:~~ 1. ~~Calculate the total annual rewards: **`A = T_s * I`**~~ 2. ~~Calculate the validator's share of rewards based on its stake percentage: **`R_v = A * (V_st / T_st)`**~~ 3. ~~Calculate the user's share before the validator's fee: **`R_u_pre_fee = R_v * (U_st / V_st)`**~~ 4. ~~Calculate the user's projected rewards after the validator's fee: **`R_u = R_u_pre_fee * (1 - F)`**~~ ~~So the final simplified equation for the user's projected rewards is:~~ **`~~R_u = T_s * I * (U_st / T_st) * (1 - F)~~`** ``` ## 2. Introducing Fee Burning - FIP 1559 The Fuse team suggests implementing, with the necessary changes, the base fee and base fee burns following EIP 1559. **Under this proposal, the min gasPrice (10 gwei) will be burned, thereby contributing to the gradual deflation of the Network and the increased scarcity of FUSE.** If adopted, a subsequent FIP 1559 will be published for a vote, and software updates will be made available to deploy the voted-for changes. **The Current Policy on Gas Fees on Fuse:** The most straightforward transaction of FUSE from one account to another will need a minimum of 21,000 gas. Smart contract transactions require considerably more gas. Following [FIP 13](https://forum.fuse.io/t/fip13-gas-price-increase/442), the minimum fee was increased to 10 gwei to mitigate the network against possible spamming attacks while preserving the attractiveness of low-cost transactions on the platform: ```jsx tx fee = gasAmount * gasPrice, min gasAmount for a basic tx = 21,000 min gasPrice = 10 gwei ``` **EIP 1559 in a nutshell:** The goal of EIP-1559 was to improve traffic flow on the Ethereum network by setting a [base fee for transactions](https://docs.alchemy.com/alchemy/guides/eip-1559/send-tx-eip-1559) and increasing the block size that holds these transactions. Increasing the block size allows for more transactions to be added, which results in less financial competition among users. With a base fee for transactions in place, the bidding-first approach that existed pre-London Fork was removed. The base fee is the amount for any transaction to be added to the next block by a miner. This base fee will change by 12.5% over time based on the capacity of the block. If a block is more than 50% full, it will be increased by 12.5%; if it is empty, it will be decreased by 12.5%. At 50% capacity, no changes will be made. The base fees are then burnt, decreasing inflation over time, as evidenced in this [simulator](https://ultrasound.money/). **Base fees on Fuse - FIP 1559** While the Fuse Network is gaining traction, it has yet to achieve the congestion level achieved by the Ethereum network before the London Fork. That said, EIP 1559 represents innovation, predictability, and flexibility, offering the Fuse Network additional paths to a more sustainable model that can withstand a higher level of popularity and demand in the market. Under the [present state of blocks](https://explorer.fuse.io/blocks) created on the network, deployment of FIP 1559 will not significantly affect the network’s inflation. However, the current market state is a prime time to gradually implement a base fee model that will enter into full effect with the increase of transactions on the network. Technically, introducing base fees and base fee burns does not necessitate excessive development effort, hardware changes, or high costs. **It is proposed that the gasPrice (10 gwei) will be burned so that:** - the user pays the same 10 gwei gasPrice - the tx does not become more expensive; - the Network does not become more susceptible to spam chain attacks; - Validators do not earn tx fees; they still earn block rewards; - the burned gasPrice contributes to the increased scarcity of the token; - over time, the network becomes more deflationary. # FAQs ## What is tokenomics? Tokenomics is a term derived from the combination of “token” and “economics,” which refers to the economic system and monetary policy of a specific cryptocurrency, token, or NFT. A tokenomics design involves creating rules and incentives that explain the issuance, distribution, and circulation of the tokens within the ecosystem. Tokenomics includes various aspects, such as token supply, utility, and underlying technology. The token supply refers to the total number of tokens that will be created and how they will be distributed among different stakeholders. ## Why is tokenomics important in cryptocurrency? A project’s token economics play a critical role in defining its success in the long run. The main objective of a tokenomics design is to create a sustainable economic model for the tokens, ensure long-term supply, and inform potential investors about how the tokens will be distributed in the market. ## What is EIP 1559? EIP 1559 is a proposed improvement to the Ethereum blockchain that aims to simplify the process of setting transaction fees and make the network more efficient. The current system for setting transaction fees on the Ethereum network is complex and can lead to high fees during high network demand. Under EIP 1559, the network would introduce a new type of transaction fee called a “base fee.” The network automatically sets the base fee based on the current demand for block space. It would be burned (destroyed) when the transaction is processed, effectively reducing the overall supply of Ethereum tokens. In addition to the base fee, users could also choose to include a “tip” for the miner who processes their transaction. The tip would be paid directly to the miner as an incentive for including the transaction in the next block. One of the benefits of this system is that it helps reduce transaction fees during times of high network demand, as the base fee would be adjusted automatically based on network congestion. This should make the network more efficient and reduce the need for users to pay high fees to have their transactions processed quickly. ## What was the goal of EIP 1559? EIP 1559 was implemented as part of the London hard fork on the Ethereum network, which occurred on August 5, 2021. The London hard fork was a significant update to the Ethereum network that introduced several new features and improvements, including EIP 1559. Overall, the implementation of EIP 1559 has been widely regarded as a success, with the new fee structure and increased burning of ETH being seen as positive developments for the Ethereum network. However, there are still some concerns and criticisms around the fee-slashing mechanism, and it remains to be seen how effective it will be at preventing miner manipulation of the base fee. ## What does it mean to burn tokens? This means that the tokens are destroyed by protocol and removed from circulation, usually by sending the token to a particular type of address. ## Are other networks implementing EIP 1559? Yes. One example is Polygon which tested and deployed EIP 1559 as early as December 2021. ## What is an inflationary network, and what is a deflationary network? An inflationary blockchain network continuously grows in the number of tokens in supply, either because there is no fixed limit or because the limit is very high. An example of an inflationary blockchain network is Dogecoin, which has no supply cap and increases its circulation by millions of DOGE daily through its mining process. A deflationary blockchain network has a decreasing number of tokens in supply, either because there is a low fixed limit or because some tokens are periodically burned or removed from circulation. An example of a deflationary blockchain network is BNB, which has a supply cap of 200 million BNB and burns some BNB every quarter based on its trading volume. ## What are the pros and cons of inflation? The pros and cons of having an inflationary or deflationary blockchain network depend on many factors that can affect the performance and adoption of crypto, such as its use case, technology, community, regulation, etc. Very roughly speaking, outside the context of Fuse, some of the pros and cons of having an inflationary blockchain network are: **Pros:** - Inflationary networks can incentivize miners to secure the network and validate transactions by offering them rewards in new tokens. - Inflationary networks can also encourage spending and circulation of the tokens rather than hoarding them for speculation. - Inflationary networks can adjust their supply to meet the demand and avoid price volatility. **Cons:** - Inflationary networks can lose their value over time due to the dilution of the token supply and decreased purchasing power. - Inflationary networks can also face competition from other cryptos that offer better returns or features. - Inflationary networks can be vulnerable to manipulation or corruption by central authorities that control the token creation factor. **Some of the pros and cons of having a deflationary blockchain network are:** **Pros:** - Deflationary networks can increase their value over time due to the scarcity of the token supply and the increase in purchasing power. - Deflationary networks can also attract investors and savers who want to preserve or grow their wealth. - Deflationary networks can create a sense of urgency and exclusivity among users who want to acquire the tokens before they run out. **Cons:** - Deflationary networks can discourage miners from securing the network and validating transactions by offering them lower rewards or fees in new tokens. - Deflationary networks can also discourage spending and circulation of the tokens, leading to hoarding and speculation. - Deflationary networks can face technical challenges or security risks due to the limited supply or the burning mechanism. ## Are there other networks using max supply cap? **Some examples of blockchain networks with max supply limitations are:** **Bitcoin** : The most popular and widely used cryptocurrency network, it has a max supply of 21 million bitcoins. The last bitcoin is expected to be mined around the year 2140. **Ethereum** : The second-largest cryptocurrency network by market capitalization, Ethereum has a max supply of no more than 120 million ether. However, this is not a hard cap but a social contract that can be changed by community consensus. **Litecoin** : A fork of Bitcoin that aims to offer faster and cheaper transactions, Litecoin has a max supply of 84 million litecoins. The last litecoin is expected to be mined around the year 2142. **Monero** : A privacy-focused cryptocurrency network that uses ring signatures and stealth addresses to obfuscate transactions, Monero has a max supply of 18.4 million monero. However, after reaching this limit, there will be a tail emission of 0.6 monero per block every two minutes to incentivize miners. **Cardano** : A smart contract platform that aims to offer scalability, interoperability, and sustainability, Cardano has a max supply of 45 billion ADA. The network uses a proof-of-stake consensus mechanism called Ouroboros to secure and reward participants. ---
**Author:** ![kaned](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/k/22d042/32.png) [@kaned](https://forum.fuse.io/u/kaned)\ **Post date:** [June 12, 2023, 11:30am UTC](https://forum.fuse.io/t/frc02-setting-a-max-supply-introducing-fee-burn-and-transitioning-to-a-deflationary-model/633/2 "2023-06-12T11:30:02Z")
I only see good things here for the future of the network. ---
**Author:** ![m4s4cru](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/m/e0b2c6/32.png) [@m4s4cru](https://forum.fuse.io/u/m4s4cru)\ **Post date:** [June 12, 2023, 12:26pm UTC](https://forum.fuse.io/t/frc02-setting-a-max-supply-introducing-fee-burn-and-transitioning-to-a-deflationary-model/633/3 "2023-06-12T12:26:32Z")
Ok i want ,its a good ideea .Thanks team ---
**Author:** ![All0x\_EGS](https://dub1.discourse-cdn.com/flex005/user_avatar/forum.fuse.io/all0x_egs/32/150_2.png) [@All0x\_EGS](https://forum.fuse.io/u/All0x_EGS)\ **Post date:** [June 12, 2023, 1:25pm UTC](https://forum.fuse.io/t/frc02-setting-a-max-supply-introducing-fee-burn-and-transitioning-to-a-deflationary-model/633/4 "2023-06-12T13:25:31Z")
As a user and validator, I fully support this proposal. Thanks to the team that worked on it! 🙌 ---
**Author:** ![astancioi24](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/a/8e8cbc/32.png) [@astancioi24](https://forum.fuse.io/u/astancioi24)\ **Post date:** [June 12, 2023, 1:45pm UTC](https://forum.fuse.io/t/frc02-setting-a-max-supply-introducing-fee-burn-and-transitioning-to-a-deflationary-model/633/5 "2023-06-12T13:45:08Z")
I totally agree, I think it will bring value to the project.🤝 ---
**Author:** ![vokcu](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/v/d26b3c/32.png) [@vokcu](https://forum.fuse.io/u/vokcu)\ **Post date:** [June 12, 2023, 2:10pm UTC](https://forum.fuse.io/t/frc02-setting-a-max-supply-introducing-fee-burn-and-transitioning-to-a-deflationary-model/633/6 "2023-06-12T14:10:08Z")
As a user for over 2 years, I like this proposal and think it will be very beneficial for $FUSE in the long run. Having the maximum supply will help us convince people who haven’t met Fuse yet. ---
**Author:** ![thanhtrung](https://dub1.discourse-cdn.com/flex005/user_avatar/forum.fuse.io/thanhtrung/32/81_2.png) [@thanhtrung](https://forum.fuse.io/u/thanhtrung)\ **Post date:** [June 12, 2023, 5:13pm UTC](https://forum.fuse.io/t/frc02-setting-a-max-supply-introducing-fee-burn-and-transitioning-to-a-deflationary-model/633/7 "2023-06-12T17:13:42Z")
great . can’t wait to see implementing EIP 1559 ---
**Author:** ![Pablorosatti](https://dub1.discourse-cdn.com/flex005/user_avatar/forum.fuse.io/pablorosatti/32/268_2.png) [@Pablorosatti](https://forum.fuse.io/u/Pablorosatti)\ **Post date:** [June 12, 2023, 6:26pm UTC](https://forum.fuse.io/t/frc02-setting-a-max-supply-introducing-fee-burn-and-transitioning-to-a-deflationary-model/633/8 "2023-06-12T18:26:21Z")
“Gradual reduction of $FUSE emissions” + “Limited Supply” + “Burning Fees” are the 3 proposals that I had made in the forum: > [@Changing Fuse Network Inflation Rate](https://forum.fuse.io/t/changing-fuse-network-inflation-rate/102/47): > > If the validators are paid with the gas from the transactions, I don’t understand why $fuse has an unlimited emission and not a fixed supply. I think that blockchains like Polygon and bsc have never had complaints about their tokenomics, instead ethereum, even being the largest blockchain, its tokenomics, which is similar to FUSE, It was always a topic of debate. I think the FUSE team should mint a limited number of coins, say… I don’t know, 60,000,000? 100,000,000? The number is not the main t… So… I couldn’t agree more with this! Good times are coming to FUSE!!! ---
**Author:** ![st24](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/s/a8b319/32.png) [@st24](https://forum.fuse.io/u/st24)\ **Post date:** [June 13, 2023, 12:22am UTC](https://forum.fuse.io/t/frc02-setting-a-max-supply-introducing-fee-burn-and-transitioning-to-a-deflationary-model/633/9 "2023-06-13T00:22:31Z")
Love it and hope FUSE will be more and more valuable ---
**Author:** ![adrianl3d](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/a/f19dbf/32.png) [@adrianl3d](https://forum.fuse.io/u/adrianl3d)\ **Post date:** [June 13, 2023, 1:22am UTC](https://forum.fuse.io/t/frc02-setting-a-max-supply-introducing-fee-burn-and-transitioning-to-a-deflationary-model/633/10 "2023-06-13T01:22:48Z")
I have to agree, many people seem to be put off by the fact that Fuse is inflationary, and I can see why. For many people this ties into the whole notion of no fixed cap, people are very wary of crypto companies and have little trust and for good reason, people envisage a slow rug if there is no fixed cap. People need these things to be solid. I couldn’t agree more about fixing the maximum supply, that will provide a visible benefit. I also agree about eventually being at the very least not inflationary, and best case : deflationary. I know this is just a matter of semantics but aren’t all tokens that have not yet reached their max cap considered inflationary? > If I buy 1 million tokens of a current supply being 200 million out of a max supply of 400 million, I have 0.5% of the supply. By the time all tokens are released (assuming no burn) my share is only 0.25%, this is effectively inflation. While there are more tokens being released than there are being burned, it is inflationary. Regardless of whether or not it has a hard cap. The wording of this to the public is critical. I like what was proposed in this thread, **Transitioning to a deflationary model.** As in “We are building a deflationary network.” Ethereum is now considered deflationary even though it has effectively unlimited supply. Here is an interesting read for more understanding [https://www.makeuseof.com/ethereum-is-deflationary-what-does-that-mean/](https://www.makeuseof.com/ethereum-is-deflationary-what-does-that-mean/) _Ethereum is now being described as deflationary because its issuance is deflationary. This means that the number of Ether entering circulation is less than the number being burned (i.e, destroyed)._ ---
**Author:** ![RB\_1010](https://dub1.discourse-cdn.com/flex005/user_avatar/forum.fuse.io/rb_1010/32/43_2.png) [@RB\_1010](https://forum.fuse.io/u/RB_1010)\ **Post date:** [June 13, 2023, 11:14am UTC](https://forum.fuse.io/t/frc02-setting-a-max-supply-introducing-fee-burn-and-transitioning-to-a-deflationary-model/633/11 "2023-06-13T11:14:59Z")
> [@adrianl3d](#): > > I know this is just a matter of semantics but aren’t all tokens that have not yet reached their max cap considered inflationary? The tokenomics aren’t inflationary with a fixed supply - it’s just all the tokens haven’t been minted yet (same as bitcoin). It’s the same as minting all the tokens and slowly distributing them. There is certainty that there will never be more than 400m Fuse tokens. Technically, inflation/deflation relates to purchasing power, and reducing/fixed supply tokens are classed as ‘deflationary’ as their purchasing power increases with time. This is the aim with Fuse. > **[Cryptocurrency Inflation and Deflation](https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/cryptocurrency/cryptocurrency-inflation-deflation/)** > > All cryptocurrencies are either inflationary or deflationary, depending on how their total supply changes over time. ---
**Author:** ![Ryk](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/r/b19c9b/32.png) [@Ryk](https://forum.fuse.io/u/Ryk)\ **Post date:** [June 13, 2023, 1:44pm UTC](https://forum.fuse.io/t/frc02-setting-a-max-supply-introducing-fee-burn-and-transitioning-to-a-deflationary-model/633/12 "2023-06-13T13:44:55Z")
well put @RB_1010 . I agree with your take. ---
**Author:** ![Pablorosatti](https://dub1.discourse-cdn.com/flex005/user_avatar/forum.fuse.io/pablorosatti/32/268_2.png) [@Pablorosatti](https://forum.fuse.io/u/Pablorosatti)\ **Post date:** [June 23, 2023, 9:30am UTC](https://forum.fuse.io/t/frc02-setting-a-max-supply-introducing-fee-burn-and-transitioning-to-a-deflationary-model/633/13 "2023-06-23T09:30:15Z")
Some time ago I proposed to progressively and monthly reduce the emission rate of FUSE. Some will wonder “why monthly?”, “isn’t that too exaggerated?” I made a spreadsheet in Google Sheets, applying 3.3% deflation in the monthly emission rate (the spreadsheet can be modified), and the result is 400,000,000 units in July 2034, the same as in the official FUSE proposal. By making the adjustment on a monthly basis, there will be one reason per month to publish the new emission rate in the media, remembering the deflationary tokenomics of FUSE (investors love the word “deflation”). > **[$Fuse deflation](https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1RqGipWKa_p6KukUDvCqT8drRPEXZ6G27FArGrZuPSRY/edit?usp=sharing)** > > Minting > > Date,Monthly Emission,Monthly Deflation,3.3%,Annual Deflation,30.87%,Year,Annual Emission,Total... ---
**Author:** ![Ryk](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/r/b19c9b/32.png) [@Ryk](https://forum.fuse.io/u/Ryk)\ **Post date:** [June 25, 2023, 11:31am UTC](https://forum.fuse.io/t/frc02-setting-a-max-supply-introducing-fee-burn-and-transitioning-to-a-deflationary-model/633/14 "2023-06-25T11:31:58Z")
interesting @Pablorosatti - let me go over that carefully. I wonder what other members in the forum think of this @RB_1010 ---
**Author:** ![RB\_1010](https://dub1.discourse-cdn.com/flex005/user_avatar/forum.fuse.io/rb_1010/32/43_2.png) [@RB\_1010](https://forum.fuse.io/u/RB_1010)\ **Post date:** [June 25, 2023, 8:24pm UTC](https://forum.fuse.io/t/frc02-setting-a-max-supply-introducing-fee-burn-and-transitioning-to-a-deflationary-model/633/15 "2023-06-25T20:24:15Z")
> **[Monthly Inflation](https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/13_tmIlQYNA7-JA24rVNwMU35f-1o2gLLMS6ZSrowDYk/edit?usp=sharing)** > > Sheet1 > > Month,Inflation %,Max Supply, Minted Tokens that month > Aug-23,5,355,700,000, 1,482,083 ,Infation Rate per Month > Sep-23,4.835,357,182,083, 1,439,146 > Oct-23,4.675,358,621,229, 1,397,129 > Nov-23,4.52,360,018,358, 1,356,069... Above is a link to a model reducing inflation (rounded to 3 figures) by 3.3% per month. Gets to 400m max supply by ~June 2030. It’s a more complex model, inflation rate is a non-simple decimal rather than a simple one e.g. 2.917% vs 3%. Also brings in extra chance of error as it’s a manual process to update- each month rather than each year. I think it could heighten the idea of Fuse being deflationary, but brings with it complexities that could cause errors in deploying it successfully. Ecosystem builders and stakers will probably find annual inflation gives better stability and known risks/rewards vs rapidly reducing monthly rate - especially during the bear period. I think the general message of monthly decrease can be communicated well, but the detail is complex and harder to understand. The final inflation rate is also 0.306, which could be fixed at 0.3%. In fact, either model can be adjusted to a 0.3% final rate. Given the current market conditions agreeing the FRC2 model and fixing 5% this year gives stability moving forward. It’s possible to move to a monthly rate when market conditions allow should that be proposed, although I don’t personally think it’s that different from an annual rate change to warrant the hassle and increased risk of error. ---
**Author:** ![Pablorosatti](https://dub1.discourse-cdn.com/flex005/user_avatar/forum.fuse.io/pablorosatti/32/268_2.png) [@Pablorosatti](https://forum.fuse.io/u/Pablorosatti)\ **Post date:** [November 30, 2023, 5:25am UTC](https://forum.fuse.io/t/frc02-setting-a-max-supply-introducing-fee-burn-and-transitioning-to-a-deflationary-model/633/16 "2023-11-30T05:25:42Z")
Actually, my proposal arises from the need to make the processes more transparent and less manual. Take the good from successful cases, such as the pre-scheduled halving of Bitcoin, which reduces the subsidy to miners by 50% approximately every 4 years, and on the other hand the burning of GAS of Ethereum, which is also carried out automatically. ---
**Author:** ![Misha](https://dub1.discourse-cdn.com/flex005/user_avatar/forum.fuse.io/misha/32/202_2.png) [@Misha](https://forum.fuse.io/u/Misha)\ **Post date:** [December 6, 2023, 11:15pm UTC](https://forum.fuse.io/t/frc02-setting-a-max-supply-introducing-fee-burn-and-transitioning-to-a-deflationary-model/633/17 "2023-12-06T23:15:05Z")
@Pablorosatti good thinking and absolutely each stage of the inflation reduction process will be transparent with dates properly communicated in advance. Although inflation reductions will require some level of manual interference on the technical side of things to make the necessary adjustments in decreasing token minting for block rewards, so it can only be automated to a certain extent. Regarding FIP 1559, similar to how it works on Ethereum and Polygon - once implemented the fee burns will be an automatic process. Personally I like the idea of more often but incrementally smaller changes to inflation to make it a recurring topic that can be leveraged for social media exposure, however in practice, this may be more complex, and as @RB_1010 mentions > [@RB\_1010](#): > > It’s a more complex model, inflation rate is a non-simple decimal rather than a simple one e.g. 2.917% vs 3%. Also brings in extra chance of error as it’s a manual process to update- each month rather than each year. ---
**Author:** ![emmanuel](https://avatars.discourse-cdn.com/v4/letter/e/3e96dc/32.png) [@emmanuel](https://forum.fuse.io/u/emmanuel)\ **Post date:** [June 24, 2024, 2:04pm UTC](https://forum.fuse.io/t/frc02-setting-a-max-supply-introducing-fee-burn-and-transitioning-to-a-deflationary-model/633/18 "2024-06-24T14:04:20Z")
### FRC02 Proposal: Introducing Fee Burn, and Transitioning to a Deflationary Model - **[UPDATE]** **Author:** Fuse Team 24th June, 2024 * * * Dear Fuse Community, We are grateful for your continued engagement and feedback on the FRC02 proposal. This proposal is a significant step towards enhancing the economic model of the Fuse network by introducing a fee burn mechanism, and transitioning to a deflationary model. In this post, we provide updated simulation data and clarify the changes to the inflation rates and their impact on the FUSE token supply. We aim to ensure transparency and accuracy as we proceed with this proposal. ### Overview of FRC02 Proposal The FRC02 proposal aims to achieve the following objectives: 1. **Introduce Fee Burn Mechanism** : A portion of transaction fees will be burned, reducing the total supply over time and contributing to the deflationary model. 2. **Transition to a Deflationary Model** : By gradually reducing the inflation rate, the supply growth of FUSE tokens will slow down, increasing scarcity and potentially enhancing the value of each token. ### Corrected Simulation Data Based on community feedback and further analysis, we have updated the simulation data to reflect the proposed changes accurately. Below is the corrected data showing the total supply at the start of each period and the number of minted tokens within the period: | **Period** | **Inflation** | **Total Supply at Start** | **Minted Tokens** | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | August 2019 → August 2020 | 5% | 300,000,000 | 15,000,000 | | August 2020 → August 2021 | 5% | 315,000,000 | 15,750,000 | | August 2021 → August 2022 | 5% | 330,750,000 | 16,537,500 | | August 2022 → August 2023 | 5% | 347,287,500 | 17,364,375 | | August 2023 → August 2024 | 5% | 364,651,875 | 18,232,594 | | August 2024 → August 2025 | 3% | 382,884,469 | 11,486,534 | | August 2025 → August 2026 | 1.50% | 394,371,003 | 5,915,565 | | August 2026 → August 2027 | 1% | 400,286,568 | 4,002,866 | | August 2027 → August 2028 | 0.75% | 404,289,434 | 3,032,171 | | August 2028 → August 2029 | 0.50% | 407,321,604 | 2,036,608 | | August 2029 → August 2030 | 0.50% | 409,358,212 | 2,046,791 | | August 2030 → August 2031 | 0.50% | 411,405,003 | 2,057,025 | | August 2031 → August 2032 | 0.50% | 413,462,028 | 2,067,310 | | August 2032 → August 2033 | 0.50% | 415,529,339 | 2,077,647 | ### Graphical Representation ![FRC02_Simulation_Graph](https://europe1.discourse-cdn.com/flex005/uploads/fuseforum/original/1X/bbd960575725127fe6dedeeed46c10d113b3850f.png) Where y-axis = 100 millions ### Key Insights from the Simulation: 1. **Initial High Inflation (2019 - 2024)**: 2. **Controlled Reduction (2024 - 2026)**: 3. **Transition to Stability (2026 - 2033)**: ### Moving Forward The corrected simulation data aligns with our vision of creating a sustainable and economically sound ecosystem for the Fuse network. By progressively reducing the inflation rate, we aim to support a deflationary model that will increase the scarcity of FUSE tokens, potentially driving their value up and benefiting long-term holders and network participants. We encourage all community members to review the updated simulation data and continue participating in the discussion. Your feedback is invaluable as we refine and implement these changes. ### How to Participate For more detailed information and to join the ongoing conversation, please visit the full discussion on the Fuse Forum: [FRC02 - Setting a Max Supply, Introducing Fee Burn, and Transitioning to a Deflationary Model](https://forum.fuse.io/t/frc02-setting-a-max-supply-introducing-fee-burn-and-transitioning-to-a-deflationary-model/633). Feel free to share your thoughts and questions in the comments below. Your active participation is crucial to shaping the future of the Fuse network. Thank you for your continued support and engagement. Best regards, The Fuse Team * * * **Community Engagement:** If you have further questions or wish to discuss this proposal in more detail, please join our next community call or visit our [Discord channel](https://discord.com/invite/jpPMeSZ) and [Telegram channel](https://t.me/fuseio/). ---
**Author:** ![RB\_1010](https://dub1.discourse-cdn.com/flex005/user_avatar/forum.fuse.io/rb_1010/32/43_2.png) [@RB\_1010](https://forum.fuse.io/u/RB_1010)\ **Post date:** [June 30, 2024, 6:07am UTC](https://forum.fuse.io/t/frc02-setting-a-max-supply-introducing-fee-burn-and-transitioning-to-a-deflationary-model/633/19 "2024-06-30T06:07:09Z")
Hi, there’s no mention of max supply in this model. The previous model set it to 400m. Has this been removed from this FRC? ---
**Author:** ![RB\_1010](https://dub1.discourse-cdn.com/flex005/user_avatar/forum.fuse.io/rb_1010/32/43_2.png) [@RB\_1010](https://forum.fuse.io/u/RB_1010)\ **Post date:** [June 30, 2024, 6:19am UTC](https://forum.fuse.io/t/frc02-setting-a-max-supply-introducing-fee-burn-and-transitioning-to-a-deflationary-model/633/20 "2024-06-30T06:19:41Z")
Also, total supply is 371m today. At a minting rate of ~1.5m a month, we’re only going to get to ~375m at the end of August. The model says 382m. That isn’t going to be reached. Does the model take into account the token burn that happened back in (from memory) 2021. The burn was of unsold Fuse tokens from the mesa sale: > **[Fuse Public Liquidity Release on Mesa Decentralized Exchange](https://news.fuse.io/fuse-public-liquidity-release-on-mesa-decentralized-exchange/)** > > We are excited to announce the first public liquidity release of Fuse network’s native token! Distribution Summary Start Date: 15:00 GMT — Thursday 22nd October 2020 End Date: 15:00 GMT — Saturday 24th October 2020 Ticker: FUSE Total Initial... This was about 8m Fuse [Next page](https://forum.fuse.io/t/frc02-setting-a-max-supply-introducing-fee-burn-and-transitioning-to-a-deflationary-model/633.md?page=2)